Teruo Chinen

In this Japanese name, the family name is Chinen.
Teruo Chinen
Born (1941-06-08)June 8, 1941
Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
Died September 9, 2015(2015-09-09) (aged 74)
Spokane, Washington, U.S.
diabetes, kidney disease
Style Gōjū-ryū Karate
Teacher(s) Chōjun Miyagi, Ei'ichi Miyazato, Morio Higaonna
Rank 9th dan karate

Teruo Chinen (知念 輝夫 Chinen Teruo, June 8, 1941–September 9, 2015) was a prominent Japanese master of Gōjū-ryū Karate.[1] He founded the Jundokan International karate organization and held the title of Shihan.[1][2] Chinen was one of the last surviving students to have learned directly from Chōjun Miyagi, founder of Gōjū-ryū karate. He held the rank of 9th dan in karate.[3][4]

Early life

Chinen was born on June 8, 1941, in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, of Okinawan and Japanese ancestry.[1][5][6][7] His father, Seisho Chinen, was an Okinawan martial artist who served in the Imperial Japanese Navy; he had trained in various Okinawan weapons.[1][5] His mother was Japanese.[5] His grandfather, Matsu Chinen, was a full-time Shuri-te instructor.[1][5] His granduncle, Masami Chinen, belonged to the line of masters of the Yamanni ryu kobudo school.[6][8]

Although Okinawan, Chinen's father adopted Japanese ways, and this included the naming conventions applied to his children.[8] In a 1997 interview, he spoke about his father, saying: "because he was a Japanese naval officer, he adopted the Japanese ways and did not use the Masa name for his children. Consequently, my brothers and I all received Japanese names—Akira, Hirokazu, Teruo, and Toshio. No more Chinese names, no more Masa line!"[8]

Chinen's father died in 1944 when the captain of his ship decided to sink the vessel rather than surrender to Allied forces.[6] When he was five years old, his family—now consisting of his mother and several siblings—returned to Shuri briefly, then settled in Naha, where his uncle worked as a policeman.[1][5][6] His mother found work on a USAF airbase.[6] Chinen's home in Naha was just three houses down the street from Chōjun Miyagi's dojo (training hall) and, despite his family's history in another style of karate, he began to train in Miyagi's style.[7]

Karate career

According to various sources, Chinen began training in Gōjū-ryū karate either under Chōjun Miyagi (1888–1953), founder of the Gōjū-ryū style, around the turn of the decade (1949–1952), or else under senior student Ei'ichi Miyazato (1922–1999) in 1954.[1][5][6][9][10] In any case, he trained directly under Miyagi at some point during his youth,[1][6][10] but Miyazato was his primary instructor.[9][11] After six years of training, Chinen received promotion to black belt status.[6]

In 1959,[12] Chinen left Okinawa to teach karate in Tokyo, where he joined his friend Morio Higaonna, who had opened a dojo there,[8] known as "Yoyogi Dojo".[13] Chinen has credited Higaonna with teaching him the technical aspects of Gōjū-ryū karate.[1] In 1969, Chinen traveled to the United States of America as a technical advisor to the Spokane School of Karate-do in Spokane, Washington.[1][8][10] Prior to leaving Yoyogi Dojo for Spokane, Miyazato promoted Chinen to rokudan (sixth degree blackbelt).[14] What was initially planned as a three-month visit led to him settling in Spokane, which became the base of operations for his karate organization.[5][8][15][16][17][18]

From 1973 to 1979, Chinen traveled through Europe and South Africa, teaching karate.[1][8] From 1979 to 1984, he was technical advisor to the International Okinawan Gōjū-ryū Karate-dō Federation (IOGKF) led by Higaonna.[1] In 1984, Chinen founded his own karate organization, Jundokan International,[1] and was no longer associated with the IOGKF.[19] He assisted in the preparation of the book Classical Kata of Okinawan Karate (1987) as a translator.[20] In 1987, he taught kata in Vancouver.[21] Around 1991, Miyazato promoted Chinen to the rank of 7th dan.[6]

In 1995, Chinen became ill from undiagnosed diabetes,[8] but still traveled across Europe and North America teaching karate,[10] and he continued to lead Jundokan International.[22] He held the rank of 9th dan.[3][4] Speaking in 1997 about the future of karate in the USA, he said: "I hope that the next generations will not only improve technically but also know how to share their knowledge. People must pass on the traditions and not lose them. In the old days in China and Okinawa, the teaching was done behind closed doors. Now, thanks to the media, Karatedo is no longer a secret. There's more sharing now."[8]

Chinen developed and taught many unique and highly-effective training methods during his karate career. During these lifelong teachings, Chinen continually stressed the importance of maintaining the Zen concept of "Beginner's Mind", unrelentless training, maintaining strong physical conditioning, and remembering the Chinese roots of Okinawan Goju-ryu Karate. One of the prominent points of emphasis to his students was to live life with a "firm fist, but a compassionate heart".[12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pereira, L. (c. 2007): Teruo Chinen Shihan: Jundokan Goju Ryu Retrieved on April 6, 2010; link has expired, as at July 21, 2011.
  2. ↑ Kane, L. A., & Wilder, K. (2005): The Way of Kata: A comprehensive guide to deciphering martial applications (p. 247). Boston, MA: YMAA Publication Center. (ISBN 978-1-5943-9058-6)
  3. 1 2 World Union of Karate-Do Federations Bulletin (2009). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  4. 1 2 Jundokan International Florida USA Dojo (c. 2010). Retrieved on April 8, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hefner, K. (1998): "The Old School: From training to philosophy, Teruo Chinen stresses the old ways of Goju-Ryu Karate." Black Belt, 36(1):32–35, 38.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hunt, R. (2007): Teruo Chinen: An ancient man in a modern world (December 23, 2007). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  7. 1 2 Seido Ryu Karate: Chinen Sensei (c. 2009). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tran, D. (1997): Bridging past and future: An interview with Teruo Chinen (May 31, 1997). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  9. 1 2 Nardi, T. J. (1985): "Learning Goyu-ryu Karate from the Source—Chojun Miyagi." Black Belt, 23(6):28–32, 126–129.
  10. 1 2 3 4 USA Dojo: Teruo Chinen, Sensei (2010). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  11. ↑ Kogan, D., & Kim, S.-J. (1996): Tuttle dictionary of the martial arts of Korea, China & Japan (p. 193). Rutland, VT: Tuttle. (ISBN 978-0-8048-2016-5)
  12. 1 2 pers. comm., T. Chinen to G. Greenwald
  13. ↑ pers. comm., T. Ogawa to G. Greenwald.
  14. ↑ pers.comm., T. Chinen to G. Greenwald
  15. ↑ Cogan, M. (2003): A Goju Ryu Guidebook: The Kogen Kan Manual for Karate (p. 34). Victoria, Canada: Trafford. (ISBN 978-1-5539-5846-8)
  16. ↑ Anonymous (1983): Karate: Hard yet gentle The Spokesman-Review (October 25, 1983, p. 17). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  17. ↑ Jundokan Internacional de Portugal (c. 2009). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  18. ↑ David, M. (c. 2009): History and lineage: Goju-ryu Karate Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  19. ↑ Kobukan Karate Club: Our Instructors (c. 2009). Retrieved on April 6, 2010.
  20. ↑ McCarthy, P. (1987): Classical Kata of Okinawan Karate. Burbank, CA: Ohara. (ISBN 978-0-8975-0113-2)
  21. ↑ Anonymous (1987): "Chinen conducts kata workshop." Black Belt, 25(4):116.
  22. ↑ Bishop, M. (1999): Okinawan Karate: Teachers, styles and secret techniques (2nd ed., p. 33). Boston, MA: Tuttle. (ISBN 978-0-8048-3205-2)
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