Peter Openshaw (physician)

Peter Openshaw FRCP FMedSci (born 11 November 1954) is a clinician-scientist working lung immunology, particularly defence against viral infections. He trained in lung diseases and undertook a PhD in immunology (1985–88) before establishing a laboratory at St Mary's Hospital Medical School (later, part of Imperial College London). He created the academic department of Respiratory Medicine and the Centre for Respiratory Infection at Imperial College and was elected President of the British Society for Immunology in 2014.

Education and early life

Born in Glastonbury, Somerset. Attended Millfield Junior School, then Sidcot and Bootham (Quaker boarding schools) followed by Guy’s Hospital Medical School (University of London). Intercalated BSc in Physiology (Hons., 1976), qualifying in medicine (MB BS, 1979). Houseman and Senior House Officer at Guy’s, the Royal Brompton Hospital. Medical Registrar, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (Hammersmith Hospital), 1982-85.

Career

Immunological work

Originally trained in lung mechanics, his PhD at the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London was in T cell immunology. He has worked on protective and harmful immunological reactions to viruses, inflammatory lung disease and vaccine development since 1985, authoring over 200 scientific articles (H index= 52).

Respiratory virus research

He was awarded the Chanock prize (2012, Santa Fe USA) in recognition of his lifetime achievement in work on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) research. He has been involved in influenza policy since 2002 as a member of UK advisory boards and was Vice President of ESWI (European Scientific Working Group on Influenza) from 2009-2014. In 2009 he set up the MOSAIC consortium, a collaboration of 45 co-investigators studying the host response to influenza in patients admitted to 11 hospitals in London and Liverpool (Wellcome Trust/MRC support) and directs studies of viral challenge of human volunteers.

Academic leadership

Openshaw established the academic department of Respiratory Medicine on the St Mary’s Campus of Imperial College and created the Centre for Respiratory Infection (Wellcome Trust funded). He became President of the British Society for Immunology in 2014, the first clinician to lead the Society. He has sat on numerous governmental, grant awarding and international committees.

Honours

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1994), Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (1999); Fellow of the Society of Biology (2014); NIHR Senior Investigator (2013).

Selected publications

• Chiu, C; Openshaw, PJ (2015). "Antiviral B cell and T cell immunity in the lungs". Nature Immunology. 16 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1038/ni.3056. PMID 25521681. 
• Guvenel, AK; Chiu, C; Openshaw, PJ (2014). "Current concepts and progress in RSV vaccine development". Expert Rev Vaccines. 13: 333–44. doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.878653. PMID 24405366. 
• Schnoeller, C; Roux, X; Sawant, D; Raze, D; Olszewska, W; Locht, C; Openshaw, PJ (2013). "Attenuated Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine Protects against RSV Disease via an IL-17-dependent Mechanism". Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 131121120251000. doi:10.1164/rccm.201307-1227OC. 
• Loebbermann, J; Thornton, H; Johansson, C; Openshaw, PJM (2013). "Defective immunoregulation in vaccine-augmented viral lung disease, restored by selective chemoattraction of regulatory T cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110: 2987–2992. doi:10.1073/pnas.1217580110. 
• Hansel, TT; Johnston, SL; Openshaw, PJ (2013). "Microbes and mucosal immune responses in asthma". Lancet. 381: 861–873. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62202-8. 
• Everitt, AR; Clare, S; Pertel, T; John, SP; Wash, RS; Smith, SE; Chin, CR; Feeley, EM; Sims, JS; Adams, DJ; Wise, HM; Kane, L; Goulding, D; Digard, P; Anttila, V; Baillie, JK; Walsh, TS; Hume, DA; Palotie, A; Xue, Y; Colonna, V; Tyler-Smith, C; Dunning, J; Gordon, SB; Investigators, GenISIS; Mosaic Investigators, Smyth RL; Openshaw, PJ; Dougan, G; Brass, AL; Kellam, P (2012). "IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza". Nature. 484: 519–23. doi:10.1038/nature10921. PMID 22446628. 
• Loebbermann, J.; Thornton, H.; Durant, L.; Sparwasser, T.; Webster, K. E.; Sprent, J.; Culley, F.J.; Johansson, C.; Openshaw, P. (2012). "Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection". Mucosal Immunology. 5: 161–172. doi:10.1038/mi.2011.62. 
• Nguyen-Van-Tam, JS; Openshaw, PJM; Hashim, A; Gadd, EM; Lim, WS; Semple, MG; Read, RC; Taylor, BL; Brett, SJ; McMenamin, J; Enstone, JE; Armstrong, C; Nicholson, KG (2010). "Risk factors for hospitalisation and poor outcome with pandemic A/H1N1 influenza". Thorax. 65: 645–51. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.135210. PMC 2921287. PMID 20627925. 
• Moghaddam, A; Olszewska, W; Wang, B; Tregoning, JS; Helson, R; Sattentau, QJ; Openshaw, PJM (2006). "A potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin-inactivated vaccines". Nat. Med. 12: 905–907. doi:10.1038/nm1456. 

References