Byker

Coordinates: 54°58′30″N 1°34′41″W / 54.975°N 1.578°W / 54.975; -1.578

Byker
Shields Road, Byker
Byker Byker shown within Tyne and Wear
OS grid reference	NZ270645
List of places UK England Tyne and Wear

Byker is an inner city electoral ward in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It is in the east of the city, south of the Heaton area and north of St Peter's. Byker Metro station serves the area. The area also contains the Byker Wall estate. The population of the ward is 11,339, increasing to 12,206 at the 2011 Census,^[1] which is 4.4% of the city's total. Car ownership stands at 35.4%,^[2] much lower than the city average of 54.7%.

Byker has suffered the kinds of the social problems common to other inner-city urban housing areas, including juvenile crime and vandalism. In parts of Byker turnover of tenancies has been high. Families have moved away - particularly those in employment. Some shops and services have been abandoned and boarded up. In the mid-1990s it was estimated one in three of Byker's adult inhabitants was unemployed.

Byker is well known as the setting of the former BBC TV series Byker Grove and although set in the ward, the youth club featured in the series was filmed at The Mitre in the Benwell area in the west end of Newcastle.

History

Tom Collins House, Byker

Possibly the earliest form of the visible evidence of development in Byker was by the Roman Emperor, Hadrian. A wall, turrets and mile castles, stretching from the east to the west coast provided a barrier to invading border clans and tribes. Hadrian’s Wall lies just south of Shields Road and was excavated in the 1990s. The area was populated by soldiers and their suppliers of foods, livestock and trades, such as weavers, saddlers and blacksmiths amongst others. There are the remains of a mile castle or small fort near Brough Park dog track.^[3]

Byker in 1970

Byker first appeared in historical documents in 1198 ‘as the most important Serjeantry in Northumberland’ held by William of Byker, named William Escolland, who was a Norman noble.^[3] In 1549 the Mayor and Burgesses of Newcastle sought to extend the town's boundaries to include part of Byker Township, to take advantage of the land by the river ‘for the dropping of ballast for the coal trade’. The transaction was disputed due to financial disagreements and eventually settled in the House of Commons and the House of Lords in London.

Development

Until the 1960s, Byker was a Victorian working-class area of densely built terraces. Much of the housing needed major repair and some was considered unfit for human habitation (many houses lacked bathrooms),^[4] yet most residents wanted to stay in Byker, an area close to industry on the riverside. In 1966 Newcastle City Corporation took the decision to redevelop the Byker area. The council aimed to clear the slums but keep the community.

Byker was extensively photographed before its demolition, primarily by Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen,^[5] who lived in Byker from 1969.^[6] The photographs that Konttinen took toured China in 1980 and later appeared in the book Byker.^[7]

Ralph Erskine was appointed as the architect in 1969 for the new Byker.^[8] The development was run as a "rolling programme" so local people could continue living in the area during the building work. Residents were involved in the design process and it is thought the outstanding success^[9] of Byker was as much to do with this as its innovative architecture which used a very different style to the brutalist approach which was more common at the time.^[10]

On 21 May 2012 the area made news when a female Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) was sexually assaulted whilst on duty in the Morrisons branch on Shields Road, Byker. The assailant, Rory Douglas was detained by the female PCSO and then arrested. Later Douglas was put on trial in Newcastle Crown Court where he pleaded guilty to sexual assault and was given a conditional discharge and ordered to sign the sex offender register for 12 months.^[11]

New leisure and shopping facilities have been brought to the Shields Road area. There are street wardens operating in Byker to deter vandalism and other low level crime. Education and employment initiatives aim to break the cycle of unemployment. There are also proposals to improve the fabric of the Byker area and the Ouseburn Valley in general.

Education

The ward has three primary schools, St. Lawrence RC Primary School,^[12] Welbeck Primary School and Byker Primary School, which is equipped with a nursery class.^[13] The ward does not have any secondary schools, the nearest secondary schools are Heaton Manor School, Walker Technology College and Benfield School.

Recreation and leisure

East End Pool and Library

Most of these facilities are in the bordering ward of South Heaton such as the East End Pool & Library on Corbridge Street. Open green spaces in the ward are very limited and the ward hosts the 'Byker in Bloom' gardening competition which takes place in every summer. In 2008, Newcastle City Council agreed a lease of the former Byker Swimming Pool on Shipley Place which had remained closed and unused since the late 1990s, allowing it to be converted into an indoor bouldering and climbing centre known as 'Climb Newcastle'.^[14]

Transport

Byker Metro station

Byker is served by Byker Metro station on the Tyne and Wear Metro and Shields Road is served by numerous bus routes.

Boundary

Byker ward stretches from the Fossway and Millers Road in the north of the ward to the banks of the River Tyne in the south. It heads south onto the Shields Road bypass (A187) and continues along the A193 bypass along Shields Road to the Ouse Burn. It turns south down the Ouse Burn to the River Tyne and follows the river east, turning northwards to the west of the properties on The Oval (and excluding the Bakewell Terrace properties). Heading east along Walker Road, the boundary then turns north up Monkchester Road and continues north. It turns west along Dunstanburgh Road, and then north between Welbeck Primary School grounds and the properties on Allendale Road. It turns east along Welbeck Road, then north up Scrogg Road, east at Middle Street, and north along Langley Road. The boundary then runs along the gardens at the back of Whinneyfield Road before turning west down the Fossway.

Demographics

The results of the 2001 census are shown below.^[15]

The ward has 5,794 housing spaces of which 8.7% are vacant. This is much higher than the city average of 5.3%. Owner occupied property stands at 31%, much lower than the city average of 53.3%. The properties are as follows.

Notes

1. ↑ "Newcastle-upon-Tyne ward population 2011". Retrieved 5 July 2011. 
2. ↑ http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/your-council/statistics-and-census-information/byker-2001-census
3. 1 2 http://bykerlives.com/map/
4. ↑ http://byker.newcastle.gov.uk/
5. ↑ David Alan Mellor, No Such Thing as Society: Photography in Britain 1967–1987: From the British Council and the Arts Council Collection (London: Hayward Publishing, 2007; ISBN 978-1-85332-265-5), p.84.
6. ↑ "Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen", Amber Online. Accessed 2010-02-19.
7. ↑ http://www.amber-online.com/people/32
8. ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/mar/22/housingpolicy.guardianobituaries
9. ↑ "Ralph Erskine". The Daily Telegraph. London. 18 March 2005. 
10. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/articles/2007/05/24/how_we_built_britain_feature.shtml
11. ↑ http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2013/02/22/man-groped-female-pcso-in-byker-supermarket-72703-32860298/
12. ↑ http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/education-and-learning/find-a-school-or-academy/st-lawrences-rc-primary-school
13. ↑ http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/education-and-learning/find-a-school-or-academy/byker-primary-school
14. ↑ http://www.newcastlegateshead.com/things-to-do/climb-newcastle-p274291
15. ↑ http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/your-council-and-democracy/statistics-and-census-information/census-2001/byker-2001-census

See also

• Fly ash used for dressing footpaths in the area raised concerns over contamination by dioxins.

External links

• Photos of the area from Geograph
• Tim Pickford-Jones' Gallery of the Wall and Byker estate
• Kay's Geography guide to the Byker estate including current issues and photos
• Ouseburn Valley regeneration project
• Newcastle Council Ward Info: Byker
• Newcastle council 2001 census

Further reading

• Konttinen, Sirkka-Liisa. Byker. London: Jonathan Cape, 1983. ISBN 0-224-02109-5. Newcastle: Bloodaxe Books, 1985. ISBN 0-906427-90-8.
• Konttinen, Sirkka-Liisa. Byker Revisited. Newcastle upon Tyne: Northumberland University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-904794-42-4.