Betty Diamond

Betty Diamond, a physician and researcher, was born in Hartford, CT on 11 May 1948. She is Head of the Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY.^[1]

Education

Betty Diamond received her B.A. in Art History (Magna Cum) from Radcliffe College in 1969 and her M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1973. In 1976 she began her residency at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY and in 1979 embarked on post-doctoral fellowship in Immunology with Dr. Matthew Scharff at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.

Academic Appointments

Dr. Diamond has been on the faculty and Chief of Rheumatology at both Einstein and Columbia. She is currently Head of the Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research. She has been on the Board of the American College of Rheumatology, is past President of the American Association of Immunology, and is a member of the Institute of Medicine.^[2] She is also past chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and has been on their Scientific Council.

Principal Scientific Contributions

Diamond's primary interests are in the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of autoreactive B cells,^[3] and the defects in these mechanisms that are present in autoimmune disease, as well as the role of antibodies in brain disease.^[4] She identified the first idiotype marker on anti-DNA antibodies in patients with lupus,^[5] and discovered that anti-DNA antibodies in patients and mice shared characteristics with antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide. Diamond showed that a single base change in a protective anti-pneumococcal antibody could convert it into a potentially pathogenic anti-DNA antibody. She also found that a peptide that binds to 50% of anti-DNA antibodies in lupus patients and mice represents an epitope on glutamate receptors of the brain and can destroy neurons. Antibodies against the epitope are present in the cerebrospinal fluid and in brain tissue of p atients with neuropsychiatric lupus. Her work provides a mechanism for aspects of neuropsychiatric lupus, and more generally for acquired changes in cognition and behavior. Diamond also studies the role that hormones may play in the development of lupus.^[6]

Awards and Honors

(from 2000–present):

• Scientific Leadership Award, SLE Lupus Foundation, 2000^[7]
• Outstanding Investigator Award of the ACR, 2001^[8]
• Lee Howley Award from the Arthritis Foundation, 2002^[9]
• Recognition Award from the National Association of MD-PhD Programs, 2004^[10]
• Honorary Alumna Award, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 2004^[11]
• Klemperer Award New York Academy of Medicine and Arthritis Foundation (NY Chapter), 2004
• Klemperer award, American College of Rheumatology Institute of Medicine, 2005
• Institute of Medicine, 2006
• Fellow, AAAS, 2006^[12]
• Evelyn V. Hess research Award, Lupus Foundation of America, Inc., 2008^[13]
• American College of Rheumatology Mentor Award 2011

Multimedia

• Lupus 2010: Betty Diamond - Sex Hormones and SLE: http://www.centricityseries.org/index.php?option=com_managervideo&id=36&Itemid=24
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zfgs4M8oxm0

Selected Publications

Research Articles (from 2001)

• Khalil, M., Inaba, K., Steinman, R., Ravetch, J. and Diamond, B. T cell studies in a peptide-induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 166:1667 (2001).
• Sharma, A., Isenberg, D., and Diamond, B. Crossreactivity of human anti-dsDNA antibodies to phosphorylcholine: clue to their origin. J. Autoimmunity 16:1 (2001).
• Lee, HB., Diamond, BA. and Blaufox, M.D In-vivo detection of deposition of radiolabeled lupus anti-kidney antibody and its inhibition by soluble antigen. J. Nuclear Medicine 42:138 (2001).
• Grimaldi, CM., Michael, DJ., and Diamond, B. Expansion and activation of a population of autoreactive marginal zone B cells in a model of estrogen-induced lupus. Cutting Edge J. Immunol. 167:1886 (2001).
• DeGiorgio, LA., Konstantinov, KN., Lee, SC., Hardin, JA., Volpe, BT., and Diamond, B. Novel mechanism for brain injury in SLE: a subset of lupus anti-DNA antibodies cross-reacts with the NR2 glutamate receptor. Nature Medicine . 7:1189-1193 (2001).
• Chu, YP., Taylor, D., Yan, HG., Diamond, B., and Spatz, L. persistence of partially functional double stranded DNA binding B cells in mice transgenic for the IgM heavy chain of an anti-dsDNA antibody. Int. Immunol. 14:45-54 (2002).
• Harris, S., Dagtas, AS., Chen, H., and Diamond, B. Regulating the isotypic and idiotypic profile of an anti-PC antibody response: lessons from peptide mimics. Mol. Immunol. 39:263-272 (2002).
• Grimaldi, CM., Cleary, J., Dagtas, AS., Moussai, D., and Diamond, B. Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation. J. Clin. Invest. 109:1625-1633 (2002).
• Newman, J., Rice, JS., Wang, C., Harris, SL., and Diamond, B. Identification of an antigen-specific B cell population. J. Immunol. Methods. 272 177-187 (2003).
• Sharma, A., Isenberg, D., and Diamond, B. Studies of human polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies binding to lupus autoantigens and crossreactive antigens. Rheumatology . 42:453-463 (2003).
• Peeva, E., Rice, J., Chen, ME., Cleary, J., Michael D., and Diamond, B. Prolactin modulates the naïve B cell repertoire. J. Clin. Invest. 111:275-283 (2003).
• Wang, C., Khalil, M., Ravetch, J., and Diamond, B. The naïve B cell repertoire predisposes to antigen-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 170:4826-4832 (2003).
• Ramanujam, N., Wang, X., Huang, W., Schiffer, L., Grimaldi, C., Akkerman, A., Diamond, B., Madaio, M., and Davidson, A. The mechanism of action of TACI-Ig in murine SLE. J. Immunol. 173: 3524-3534 (2003).
• Chu, YP., Spatz, L., and Diamond, B. A second heavy chain permits survival of high affinity autoreactive B cells. Autoimmunity 37:27-32 (2004).
• Kowal, C., DeGiorgio, LA., Nakaoka, T., Hetherington, H., Huerta, PT., Diamond, B., and Volpe, BT. Cognition and Immunity: Antibody impairs memory. Immunity 21:179-201(2004).
• Grimaldi, CM., Hill, L., Xu, H., Peeva, E., and Diamond, B. Hormonal modulation of B cell development and repertoire selection. Molecular. Immunol. 42:811-820 (2005).
• Rice, JS., Newman, J., Wang, C., Michael, DJ., and Diamond, B. Receptor editing in peripheral B cell tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.102:1608-1613 (2005).
• Forestier, C., Molano, A., Im, JS., Dutronc, Y., Diamond, B., Davidson, A., Illarionov, PA., Besra, GS., and Porcelli, SA. Expansion and hyperactivity of CD1d-restricted NKT cells during the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand black x New Zealand white) F1 Mice1. J. Immunol. 175:763-770 (2005).
• Chowdhry, IA., Kowal, C, Hardin, J., Zhou, Z., and Diamond B. Autoantibodies that bind glomeruli: cross-reactivity with bacterial antigen. Arthritis & Rheumatism 52:2403-2410 (2005).
• Peeva, E., Venkatesh, J., and Diamond B. Tamoxifen blocks estrogen-induced B cell maturation, but not survival. J. Immunol. 175:1415-1423 (2005).
• Prabhakaran, S., Bramlage, M., Edgar, MA., Diamond, B., Hardin, JA., and Volpe, BT. Overwhelming leukoencephalopathy as the only sign of neuropsychiatric lupus. Case Report J. Rheumatol. 32: 1843-1845 (2005).
• Petri, M., Kim, M., Kalunian, KC., Grossman, J., Hahn, BH., Sammaritano, L., Lockshin, M., Merrill, JT., Belmont, HM., Askanase, AD., McCune, WJ., Hearth-Holmes, M., Dooley, MA., Feldt, JV., Friedman, A.., Tan, M., Davis, J., Cronin, M., Diamond, B., Mackay, M., Sigler, L., Fillius, M., Rupel, A., and Buyon, JP. Combined oral contraceptives in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. NEJM 353:2550-2558 (2005).
• Grimaldi, C., Jeganathan, V., and Diamond, B. Hormonal regulation of B cell development: 17 beta-estradiol impairs negative selection of high affinity DNA-reactive B cells at more than one developmental checkpoint J. Immunol. 176:2703-2710 (2006).
• Huerta, PT., Kowal, C., DeGiorgio, LA., Volpe, BT., and Diamond, B. Immunology and behavior: antibodies alter emotion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103:678-683 (2006). PMC1334673
• Roebuck-Spencer, TM., Yarboro, CH., Nowak, M., Takada, K., Jacobs, G., Lapteva, L., Weickert, T., Volpe, B., Diamond, B., Illei, G. and Bleiberg, J. Use of computerized assessment to predict neuropsychological functioning and emotional distress in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Arthritis Care and Rheumatism 55:434-441(2006).
• Lapteva, L., Nowak, M., Yarboro, CH., Takada, K., Roebuck, T., Weickert, T., Bleiberg, J., Rosenstein, D., Pao, M., Volpe, B., Diamond, B and Illei, G. Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor antibodies, cognitive dysfunction and depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 54:2505-2514 (2006).
• Venkatesh, J., Peeva, E., Xu, X. and Diamond, B. Hormonal milieu, not antigenic specificity, determines the mature phenotype of autoreactive B cells. Cutting Edge J. Immunol. 176:3311-3314 (2006).
• Ramanujam, M., Wang, X., Huang, W., Liu, Z., Schiffer, L., Tao, H., Frank, D., Rice, J., Diamond, B., Yu, K., Porcelli, S. and Davidson, A. Similarities and differences between selective and non-selective BAFF blockade in murine SLE. J. Clin. Invest. 116:724-734 (2006).
• Peeva, E., Gonzalez,J., Hicks, R. and Diamond, B. Lupus susceptibility interval Sle3/5 confers responsiveness to prolactin in C57Bl6 mice. Cutting Edge J. Immunol. 177:1401-1405 (2006).
• Mackay, M., Stanevsky, A., Wang, T., Aranow, C., Li, M., Koening, S., Ravech, JV. and Diamond, B. Selective dysregulation of the FC (gamma)IIB receptor on memory B cells in SLE. J. Exp. Med. 203:2157-2164 (2006). PMC2118390
• Kowal, C., DeGiorgio, LA., Lee, JY., Edgard, ME., Huerta, PT., Volpe, BT. and Diamond B. Human lupus autoantibodies against NMDA receptors mediate cognitive impairment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103:19854-19859 (2006). PMC1702320
• Tseng, CE., Buyon, JP., Kim, M., Belmont, HM., Mackay, M., Diamond, B.,Marer, G., Rosenthal, P., Haines, K., Ilie, V. and Abramson, SB. The effect of moderate-dose corticosteroids in preventing severe flares in patients with serologically active, but clinically stable, systemic lupus erythematosus: findings of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 54:3623-3632 (2006).
• Boder, J., Fehervari, Z., Diamond, B and Sakaguchi, S. ICER/CREM-mediated transcriptional attenuation of IL-2 and its role in suppression by regulatory T cells. Eur. I Immunol. 37:884-895 (2007).
• Looney, RJ., Diamond, B., Hoers, VM., Levesque, MC., Moreland, L., Nahm, MN. and St. Clair,EW. Guidelines for assessing immunocompetency in clinical trials for autoimmune disease. Clinical Immunol. 123:235-243 (2007).
• Kim, SJ. and Diamond, B. Generation and maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs under serum-free conditions. J. Immunol Methods. 323:101-108 (2007) NIHM 27086
• Batova, I., Kowal, C., May, R., Scharff, MD. and Diamond, B Human recombinant fab fragments with sub-nanomolar affinities for acetylated histones. J. Immunol Methods. 329:1-10 (2008).
• Jacobi, AN., Reiter, K., Mackay, M., Aranow, C., Hiepe, F., Radbruch, A., Hansen, A., Burmester, GR., Diamond, B., Lipsky, PE. and Dorner. T. Activated memory B cell sub-sets correlate with disease activity in SLE: Delineation by expression of CD27, IgD, and CD95. Arthritis & Rheumatism 58:1768-1773 (2008).
• Wang, Y. and Diamond, B. B cell receptor revision diminishes the autoreactive B cell response after antigen activation in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 118:2896-2907 (2008) PMC2467385.
• Kim, SJ., Caton, M., Wang, C., Khalil, M., Zhou, ZJ., Hardin, J. and Diamond, B. Increased IL-12 inhibits B cells differentiation to germinal center cells and promotes differentiation to short lived plasmablasts. J. Exp. Med. 205:2437-2448 (2008) PMC2556778
• Zhang, J., Jacobi, AM., Mackay, M., Aranow, C., Wang, T., Chinnasamy, P. and Diamond, B. Identification of DNA-reactive B cells in patients with SLE. J. Immunol. Methods 338:79-84 (2008). PMC2577778
• Zhang, J., Jacobi, AM., Wang, T. and Diamond, B. Pathogenic autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus are derived from both self-reactive and non-self-reactive B cells. Molecular Med. 14:675-681(2008) PMC2493535
• Fragoso-Loyo, H., Cabiedes, J., Orozco-Narvaez, O., Davila-Maldonado, L., Atisha-Fregoso, Y., Diamond, B., Llorente, L, Sanchez-Guerrero, J. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. Implications for diagnosis and pathogenesis PloS One 10:3347-54 (2008) PMC2556096
• Venkatesh, J., Kawabata, D., Kim, Xu, X., Chinnasamy, P., Paul, E., Diamond, B. and Grimaldi, CM. Selective regulation of autoreactive B cells by FcγRIIB J. Autoimmunity (2009) 32:149-157 PMC2688718
• Lee, YI., Huerta, PT., Zhang, J., Kowal, C., Bertini, E., Volpe, BT. and Diamond, B. Maternal lupus and congenital cortical impairment Nature Med 15:91-96 (2009). PMC2615794
• Zhang, J., Jacobi, AM., Wang, T., Berlin, R., Volpe, BT. and Diamond, B. Polyreactive autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus have pathogenic potential J. Autoimmunity 33:270-274 (2009). PMC2783480
• Jacobi, AN., Zhang, J., Aranow, C., Mackay, M and Diamond, B. Phenotypic characterization of autoreactive B cell identifies a late checkpoint of B cell tolerance in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus PloS One 4:1-6 (2009) PMC2685013
• Todd, DJ., McHeyzer-Willimas, LJ., Kowal, C., lee, A., Volpe, BT., Diamond, B., McHeyzer-Williams, MG., and Glimicher, LH. XBP1 governs late events in plasma cell differentiation and is not required for antigen-specific memory B cell development J Exp Med 10:2151-2159 (2009) PMC2757870
• Fragoso-Loyo, H., Cabiedes, J., Richaud-Patin, Y., Orozco-Narvaez, A., Diamond, B., Llorente, L., and Sanchez-Guerrero, Inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central neuropsychiatric lupus, with and without associated factors. J. Rheumatology 48:1615-6 (2009).
• Jacobi, AM., Huang, W., Wang, T. Freimuth, W., Sanz, I., Furie, R., Mackay, M., Aranow, C., Diamond. B. and Davidson, A. Effect of long-term belimumab treatment on B cells in SLE. Arthritis & Rheumatism 62:201-210 (2010). PMC2857977
• Kawabata, D., Venkatesh, J., Ramanujam, M., Davidson, A., Grimaldi, CM., and Diamond, B. Enhanced selection of high affinity DNA-reactive B cells following cyclophosphamide treatment in mice. PLoS One 5:e8418 (2010) PMC2798615
• Ben-Zvi, I., Aranow, C., Mackay, M., Stanevsky, A., Kamen, DL., Marinescu, LM., Collins, CE., Gilkeson, GS., Diamond, B. and Hardin, JA. The impact of vitamin D on dendritic cell function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus PLoS One 5(2): e9193 (2010) PMC2821911
• Peled, JU., Yu, JJ., Venkatesh, J., Bi, E., Ding, BB., Krupski-Downs, M., Shankovich, R., Sicinski, P., Diamond, B., Scharff, MD. and Ye, BH. Requirement for cyclin D3 in germinal center formation and function Cell Research 6:631-646 (2010)
• Faust, TW., Chang, EH., Kowal, C., Berlin, R., Gazaryan, IG., Bertini, E., Zhang, J., Sanchez-Guerrero, J., Fragoso-Loyo, HE., Volpe, BT., Diamond, B., and Huerta, PT. Neurotoxic lupus autoantibodies alter brain function through two distinct mechanisms. PNAS 107:18569-74 PMC2972998 (2010)
• Maecker, HT et al. A model for harmonizing flow cytometry in clinical trials. Nature Immunology 11:9-75-978 (2010)
• Hill, L., Venkatesh, J., Chinnasamy, P., Grimaldi, C and Diamond. B Differential roles of estrogen receptors α and β in control of B cell maturation and selection. Molecular Medicine 17:211-220 (2011) PMC3060981
• Venkatesh, J., Yoshifuji, H., Kawabata, D., Chinnasamy, P., Stanevsky, A., Grimaldi, C., and Diamond, B. Antigen is required for maturation and activation of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies and systemic inflammation. J Immunol. 186:5304-5312 (2011)
• Wang, YH., Yan, Y., Rice, JS., Volpe, BT. and Diamond, B. Enforced expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bc1-2 ablates tolerance induction in DNA-reactive B cells through a novel mechanism J. Autoimmunity 37:18-27 PMC3110588 (2011)
• Williams, TS., Aranow, C., Ross, GS., Barsdorf, A., Imundo, LF., Eichenfield, AH., Kahn, PJ., Diamond, B. and Levy DM. Neurocognitive impairment in childhood-onset SLE measurement issues in diagnosis Arthritis Care & Research (in press) Epub ahead of print
• Bloom O., Cheng, KF., He, M., Paptheodorou, A., Volpe, BT., Diamond, B. and Al-Abed, Y. Generation of a novel small molecule peptidomimetic that neutralizes lupus autoantibody activity. PNAS 108:10255-9 (2011)

Books, Chapters in Books and Review Articles (from 2001)

• Kowal, C., and Diamond, B. Mimicry between DNA, Carbohydrates, and Peptides: Implications in

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Molecular Mimicry, Microbes and Autoimmunity. (editors) M.W. Cunningham and R.S. Fujinami. ASM press. Chapter 10:127-141. (2000)

• Davidson, A., and Diamond, B. Autoimmune Diseases. New England J. of Medicine. 345:340-

51. (2001).

• Diamond, B. and Lipsky, P. Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Harrison’s Principles of

Internal Medicine 15th ed., Braunwald, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, McGraw Hill. New York (2001).

• Peeva, E., Putterman, C. and Diamond, B. The structure and derivation of antibodies and autoantibodies in Dubois’ Systemic Lupus Erythematsous 6th ed Hahn, B.H.,Wallace, D.J.,(ed) Williams and Wilkins Medical Publishers 391-414 (2001).
• Diamond, B., Bluestone, J., and Wofsy, D. The immune tolerance network and rheumatic disease: immune tolerance comes to the clinic. Arthritis & Rheumatism 44: 1730 (2001).
• Davidson, A., Konstantinov, K., and Diamond, B. Targeting B cells. Targeted therapies in Rheumatology; Biological Therapy in Rheumatology, Josef Smolen and Peter Lipsky (eds.), Martin Dunitz Publishers, The Livery House. Vol 2 pp 23–42 (2002).
• Peeva E. and Diamond B. Chapter Anti-DNA Antibodies: Structure, Assembly, and Diversity Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 4th edition. Ed. Lahita R. (2002)
• Diamond, B. Speculations on the Immunogenicity of Self Proteins. Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Biological Products. Brown F., Mire-Sluis, AR. (eds) Developments in Biologicals, vol 112 pp 29–34 (2003)
• Estrada, SCK., Grimaldi, CM., Peeva, E., and Diamond, B. The role of estrogen and prolactin in the induction of SLE. Frontiers in Autoimmunity: Fundamental Aspects and Clinical perspectives; NATO Science Series: Life and Behavioral Sciences (series I) M. Zouali (ed) IOS Press. Vol 354 pp372 (2003).
• Grimaldi C, Peeva E. and Diamond, B. Sex hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus, Chrousos, G and Geenen, V (eds.) in Neuroimmunoendocrinology, Marcel Dekker, New York, (2004) pp.
• Caton, M. and Diamond, B. Using peptide mimetopes to elucidate anti-polysaccharide and anti-nucleic acid humoral responses. Cell Mol. Bio. 49:255-262 (2003).
• Diamond, B. Speculations on the Immunogenicity of self proteins. Dev. Bio. 112:29-34 (2003).
• Diamond, B. and Volpe, B. On the track of neuropsychiatric lupus. Arthritis Rheum. 48:2710-2712 (2003).
• Weinstein, E., Peeva, E., Putterman, C. and Diamond, B. B – Cell Biology. Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 30:159-174 (2004).
• Peeva, E., Venkatesh, J., Michael, D., and Diamond, B. Prolactin as a modulator of B cell function; implications for SLE. Biomed. & Pharm. 58:310-319 (2004).
• Franchin, G., Peeva, E., and Diamond, B. Pathogenesis of SLE: implications for rational therapy. Autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms. Elsevier Ltd. 3:303-308 (2004).
• Grimaldi, CM., Hill, L., Xu, X., Peeva, E., and Diamond, B. Hormonal modulation of B cell development and repertoire selection. Molecular Immunol. 42:811-820 (2005).
• Davidson, A., Diamond, B., Wofsy, D., and Daikh D. Block and tackle: CTLA4Ig takes on lupus. Lupus 14:197-203 (2005).
• Diamond, B. Guest Editor: Autoimmunity. Immunological Reviews 204:5-8 (2005)
• Grimaldi, CM. and Diamond B. B cells. Ruddy S, Harris, Ed Jr, Sledge, CB (eds.) in Kelly’s Textbook of Rheumatology, 7th edition, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2005, pp. 153–174.

Jacobi, AM., and Diamond B. Balancing diversity and tolerance: lessons from SLE patients. JEM 202:341-344 (2005). PMC2213089

• Grimaldi, C., Hicks, R., and Diamond, B. B cell selection and susceptibility to autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 174:1775:1781 (2005).
• Cohen-Solal, JFG, Jeganathan, V., Grimaldi, CM., Peeva, E., and Diamond, B. Sex hormones and SLE: influencing the fate of autoreactive B cells. Current Concepts in Autoimmunity edited by A. Radbruch and P.E. Lipsky, CTMI Vol. 305:67-88 (2006).
• Davidson, A., and Diamond, B. General features of the autoimmune diseases. The Autoimmune Diseases 4th Ed Elseiver N. Rose and I. Mackay (in press)
• Wiesendanger, M., Stanevsky, A., Kovsky, S., and Diamond, B. Novel therapeutics for systemic lupus erythematosus Curr Opin Rheumatol. 18:227:235 (2006).
• Diamond, B., Kowal, C., Huerta, PT., Aranow, C., Mackay, M., DeGiorgio, LA., Lee, J., Triantafyllopoulou, A., Cohen-Solal, J., and Volpe, BT. Advances in Immunology, ed Frederick Walt, Elsevier Academic Press, Elsevier Inc. Vol 89:289-320 (2006).
• Franchin, G., and Diamond. B Pulse steroids: How much is enough? Autoimmunity Reviews Elsevier B.V. 5:111-113 (2006).
• Kowal, C., Aranow, C., Mackay, M., Diamond, B and Volpe, BT Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Descriptive past and mechanistic future (in press).
• Diamond, B. Systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren’s syndrome, 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2006, 18:449-450 (2006).
• Bodor, J., Fehervari, Z., Diamond, B. and Sakaguchi, S. Regulatory T cell mediated suppression: potential role of ICER. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 81:161-171 (2006).
• Diamond, B. and Volpe, BT. Antibodies and brain diseases: A convergence of immunology and physiology Plos Medicine, Perspectives 3:2186-2187 (2006). PMC1698940
• Diamond, B., Kowal, C., Huerta, PT., Aranow, C., Mackay, M., DeGiorgio, LA., Lee, J., Triantafyllopoulou, A., Cohen-Solal, J. and Volpe, BT. Immunity and acquired alterations in cognition and emotion: lessons from SLE. Adv. Immunol. 89;289-320 (2006).
• Grimaldi, C., Nashi, E., Venkatesh, J. and Diamond, B. B cell hyperresponsiveness and autoimmunity: a new paradigm. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 596:181-190 (2007).
• Diamond, B. and Volpe, BT. Molecular mimicry: anti-DNA antibodies bind microbial and non-nucleic acid self-antigens. In Encyclopedi of Neuroimmunology, Hddad JJ (2008) Neuroimmune interactions and mechanism. In: Binder MD, Hirokawa, N., Windhorst, U, Hirsch, Mc (eds). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Neuroimmunology. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (in press).
• Sanchez-Guerrero, J., Aranow, C., Mackay, M., Volpe, B. and Diamond, B. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus reconsidered. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatol. Review 4:112-113 (2008).
• Cohen-Solal, JFG., Jeganathan, V., Hill, L., Kawabata, D., Pinto-Rodriguez, D., Grimaldi, C. and Diamond B. Hormonal regulator of B cell function and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 17:528-532 (2008).
• Huizinga, TWJ and Diamond, B. Lupus and the central nervous system. Lupus 17:376-379 (2008).
• Diamond, B., Huerta, PT., Mina-Osorio, P., Kowal, C. and Volpe, BT. Losing your nerves? Maybe it’s the antibodies. Nature Reviews Immunology 9:449-456 (2009). PMC2783680
• Davidson, A. and Diamond, B. Systemic lupus erythematosus - B cells twist and shout Immunology and Cell Biology 87:512-513 (2009).
• Nashi, E., Wang, Y. and Diamond, B. The role of B cells in lupus pathogenesis. Int’l J of Biochemistry & Cell Biology epub 42:543-50 (2010) PMC28385836
• Aranow., Diamond, B., and Mackay, M. Glutamate receptor biology and its clinical significance in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 36:187-201 (2010) PMC2837540
• Cohen-Solal, JFG and Diamond, B. Neuropsychiatric lupus and auto-antibodies against ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDAR). Rev Med Intern. 30-2 (2011) PMC2976813
• Aranow, C., Zhou, D. and Diamond, B. Anti-DNA antibodies: structure, regulation and pathogenicity. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 5th edition edited by Lahita, RG., Tsokos, G., Buyon, J. and Koike, T. (2010)
• Diamond, B. Antibodies and the Brain: Lessons from Lupus. J Immunology 185:2637-2640 (2010). PMC2925311
• Davidson, A. and Diamond, B. Activated basophils give lupus a booster shot. Nature Med. 16:635-6 (2010).
• Cohen-Solal, J. and Diamond, B. Lessons from an anti-DNA autoantibody. Molecular Immunology 32:130-2 (2011).
• Yildirm-Toruner, C. and Diamond, B. Novel Therapeutics in Treatment of SLE. J Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127:303-12 (2011) PMC3053574
• Diamond, B., Bloom, O., Al-Abed, Y., Kowal, C., Huerta, PT and Volpe, BT. Moving towards a cure: blocking pathogenic antibodies in SLE. JOIM 269:36-44 (2011) PMC3069637
• Diamond, B. and Tracey, KJ. Mapping the immunological homunculus. PNAS 108-3461-3462 (2011) PMC3048141
• Diamond, Huerta, PT., Tracey, K J. And Volpe, BT. it takes guts to grow a brain. Bioassays (Epub ahead of print)

References